the definition and classification of fungi

Fungi are the topic of this discussion, a few things that will be discussed is the Definition of Fungi, Fungi Reproduction and Classification of Fungi. Perhaps of all the science companions there were little familiar with them fungi, this fungus is discussed latin of mushrooms, nah surely already know, right? But fungi or fungi is not all a case shaped in the shadow lay, we often imagine that the fungus bebentuk as an umbrella is more contained, but the fact is not all so, immediately wrote ya let simakyang following bertembah knowledge.

A.PENGERTIAN FUNGI (MUSHROOMS)

Fungi (mushrooms) are single-celled eukaryotic organism or a lot with no chlorophyll. Fungal cells have walls composed of chitin. Because of its properties are in the classification of living things, fungus tesendiri separated in his kingdom, he was not included in the kindom protists, monera, and Plantae. Because lacking chlorophyll, including the mushrooms into living beings heterotof (obtain food from other organisms), in this case the fungus lives with outlining the organic materials in the environment. Generally saprophyte fungi live (live with garbage menguai oganik like bankai be material anoganik). There are also fungi that live as parasites (obtaining organic material from its host), those that live with symbiotic mutualism (ie living with other organisms in order both to make profits).

B.REPRODUKSI FUNGI (MUSHROOMS)
As I have explained earlier companions, mushroom divided into two, namely unicellular (single bezel) and multicellular), now both of these have a way different breed.
Unicellular fungi reproduce asexually by forming buds, and sexually by forming spores the ascus. Whereas multicellular fungi that is formed from a series of membentukbenang cells such as cotton, yarn called hyphae. In perkembangbiakkannya asexually he decided thread hyphae (fragmentation), asexual spores that form zoospores, endospores, and conidia. Pelebuan anatara sexually through the male core and core bentina to form spores or spore ascus sidium.
Zoospores or spores wanderer is spoa that can move in the water by using flagella. So-producing fungus zoospores usually live in humid or watery.
Spoa endospores are produced by the cells and spores remain in the cell proficiency level, until conditions allow to grow.
Ascospores ascus spores or spores that are produced by fungi Ascomycota marriage. Ascospores contained in the ascus, usually amounts to 8 spores. Spores resulting from the marriage group of fungi called basidispora Basidimycota. Basidispoa contained in basidium, and usually amounts to four spores.
Conidia are spores produced by forming transverse bulkhead at the tip of hyphae or by differentiation to form many conidia. If the tip ripe conidia can escape.

Conclusions: Reproduction fungus unseluler:

         Asexual (Forming shoots, spores)

         Sexual (spores ascus)

     Reproduction multicellular fungi:

         Asexual (Fragmentation, zoospoa, conidia)

         Sexual (Core male and female core meet, eventually forming spores or spore ascus basidium)


3.KLASIFIKASI FUNGI (MUSHROOMS)

Mushrooms are classified by way of reproduction and body structure. In the classification of the five kingdoms, fungi are divided into four divisions:

1.Divisi Zygomycota 

 

Special characteristics of fungi Ascomycota ascus is able to produce spores (ascospores), namely sexual spores repoduksi results, amounting to 8 spores stored in the box spoa. These spores box bag like sehigngga called ascus, to determine the shape and stuktu ascus needed scrutiny.

a.Reproduksi in sesksual

Sexual reproduction can dijelaskansecara ingkas as follows. Branching hyphae there are berdifensiasi form the female reproductive organs lebh size becomes larger, so-called askogonium. Nearby, on the other end of the hyphae formed repoduksi tool called anteridium core male haploid (n chromosomes). From askogonium growing channel that connects between askogonium and anteridum. The channel is called trikogin. Through this trikogin channels of the cell nucleus and anteidium moved into the askogonium. Furthermore, core and core anteridium askogonium berpasanga. Once formed the core partner, from askogonium grow some hyphae. Hyphae is called as hyphae askogonium. Well inin duo is entered into askogonium, then divide by mitosis, but still only in pairs. After entering the nucleus hyphae grow askogonium teus, forming transverse bulkhead, and branching lot. The ends of the hyphae askogonium there are two int. Hifainilah tip that would later form the ascus. The branches were covered by mycelium hyphae, compact shape, which easily becomes the body of the fruit or askokarp.

2.Divisi Ascomycota

 
Two core inside the ascus that comes from the tip of the hyphae divide meiosis to form 8 pieces spoa. Thus, the spoa formed inside the ascus, therefore called the ascus spores. Ascus spores can be spread everywhere because of the wind. If the fall in the appropriate places ascus spores will grow into benag new hyphae.

b.Reproduksi In Asexual
In addition to sexual reproduction, these fungi also perform breeding asexually through the formation of buds, the formation of conidia, fragmentas. Color spores and conidia bemacam-wide. There are black, brown, and even blue, and there are also red orange.
Ascomycota body size there is microscopic (the cells), no macroscopic (visible to the eye). This class of fungi that live there saprofit, parasites and some are symbiotic.

    Conclusion: Ascomycota

        Saprofit life, parasites, there are symbiotic

        Transverse sectional hyphae, branched

        Asexual reproduction by budding, fragmentation, conidia

        Sexual reproduction by producing spores the ascus

 

3. Division Basidiomycota

 

Basidiomycota fungus is generally a macroscopic fungi, can be seen with the eyes because ukuannya great. In the rainy season can be found in the tree, such as mushroom, mushroom tree, or in the soil that contains a lot of material oganik, for example fungi west.
Most of his body shape like an umbrella for example in mushroom that you observe. Basidiomycota there are cultivated for example mushroom, oyster mushroom, mushroom shiltake, and others, fungus is a highly nutritious meal.

Hyphae Basidiomycota has a transverse bulkhead, single core (monokaiotik) or two (dikariotik). Miseliumnya located on the substrate. Dikariotik of hyphae can emerge umbrella-shaped fruiting body or other forms towering above the substrate. The body of this fruit is good to eat. Basidiokarp fruiting body or a place to grow basidium. Each basidium produce 4 spores basidum.

    In short lifecycle Basidiomycota: hyphae (+) meets hyphae (-) à core of hyphae (+) move to the hyphae (-) à à dikariotik hyphae grow mycelium spores appear basidiokarpàmembentuk basidium à basidium


    Conclusion: Basidiomycota

        A macroscopic fungi

        Transverse sectional hyphae, monokariotik, or dikariotik

        Produce spores basidium of sexual reproduction

        Asexual reproduction by conidia


4.Divisi Deuteromycota

Was discussed earlier that the herbal sexual epoduksi produce ascus digolongkankedalam Ascomycota and Basidiomycota produce basidium digolobgkan added. However, not all herbs are found in nature have been known repoduksi sexual way. Approximately there are about 1500 species of fungi are not yet known how sexual reproduction. As a result of this case No one can classify these mushrooms 1500. Such mushrooms temporarily classified k in Deuteromycota or "mushroom indeterminate". So Deuteromycota classification is not true or not taxon. If then according to the study there are types of these herbs are known to the process of sexual reproduction, it will be incorporated into the Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. As cotnoh is a fungus oncom early this fungus is Deuteromycota division with Sithophila Monilla name. But after investigation it turns out that these fungi produce ascus put into Ascomycota.